<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1594">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Astilleros: the Spanish shipyards of Sorsogon]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[When the Spanish colonizers reached Philippine soils, one of the earliest places they occupied is the tip of southern Luzon including the San Bernardino Strait. The whole area was known as Ambos Camarines and Albay. At present, it is the Bicol Region comprised of six provinces. As one of the earliest Spanish-occupied areas, it was exposed to Spanish activities like building of churches, government halls and shipbuilding. Ancient shipyards called astilleros are found in Bicol. These were used for construction and repair of the galleons that plied the Manila-Acapulco trade. This present archaeological study looks into the shipyards of Sorsogon where three shipyards were documented.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Mary Jane Louise A. Bolunia, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1593">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Local Pacific Inventory: Maritime heritage resources in the Main Hawaiian Islands]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The systematic investigation of underwater cultural heritage in the islands started in 1989 with the University of Hawai`iâ€™s Marine Option Program. This slowly grew into a graduate certificate program in maritime archaeology and history. Manned submersibles with the Hawai`i Undersea Research Lab contribute to deep water discoveries and site surveys. Today the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrationâ€™s (NOAA) Office of National Marine Sanctuaries continues heritage resource site assessments in Hawai`i, in collaboration with partner agencies and programs. The underwater cultural heritage in Hawai`i reflects a multicultural diversity of archaeological and historic properties, such as coastal stone fishponds, submerged heiau, 19th century plantation landings, inter island steamships etc. Major events like World War II left behind numerous naval shipwrecks and submerged aircraft. These are the physical elements of maritime cultural landscapes that describe Hawai`iâ€™s maritime past.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Hans Van Tilburg, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1592">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Remote Survey of a Near-Coastal Archaeological Alignment at Kualoa, Hawai&#039;i Using Worldview 2 Satellite, LiDAR and UAV Imagery]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[By using World View 2 multispectral satellite imagery, LiDAR, and unmanned aerial vehicles, a large submerged archaeological stone alignment, that is likely part of an ancient Hawaiian fishpond, was detected off the coast of Kualoa, Hawaiâ€™i during a remote survey of the area. Principal component analysis, ratio indices, and LiDAR interpretation were utilized in a GIS to help detect this archaeological stone feature that is located in shallow coastal waters. Because threats of modern development, sea-level fluctuations, and complications inherent to coastal-maritime environments have generally challenged the survey of cultural resources located within the coastal strand, this method holds promise for future spatial analyses and provides an accessible and cost efficient means of shoreline assessment. This paper aims to show how remote sensing methods can assist in the study of archaeological features that are located within difficult to access coastal and near-coastal areas.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Damion Sailors, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Scott S. Honda]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1591">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Preservation and Management of Underwater Archaeological Resources: Role of Agency]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Underwater archaeological resources within the Republic of Palau (henceforth referred to as the Republic) cover a wide array of types from famous World War II wrecks, to Yapese stone money disks which sank to the bottom of the sea during their transport, and to traditional sites - which includes but not limited to semi-submerged docks/piers, fish traps, burials, and a sunken city mentioned in traditional folklore. These resources are protected under the Cultural and Historical Preservation Act (henceforth referred to as Title 19) mandated by the Palau Bureau of Arts and Culture (henceforth referred to as the Bureau). More specifically, Chapter 3 of Title 19 known as the &quot;Palau Lagoon Monument&quot; is exclusively reserved for all submerged and semi-submerged foreign vessels located within the Republicâ€™s territorial waters. Tour agencies play a proactive role in monitoring the health and condition of the wrecks, report new site locations, and notifies the Bureau of possible looting activities. A Geographic Information System database maintained by the Survey and Inventory/Archaeology Section within the Bureau keeps an inventory of underwater sites obtained from earlier works plus data from affiliated tour agencies. This paper will examine the current situation within the Bureau and its subdivisions particularly the Survey and Inventory/Archaeology Section. It will provide details of efforts, challenges and goals, and gaps pertaining to the preservation and management of underwater archaeological resources. In addition, present case studies where the &quot;Palau Lagoon Monument&quot; clause was enacted. Lastly, we will discuss the measures and other aides available within the Bureau aimed towards assisting the state government establish medium-term goals for preservation and management plus effective long-term objectives beneficial for their state in terms of underwater cultural resources. In addition, give an overview of the latest UCH training, sponsored by UNESCO, which was held in Palau and plans moving forward to increasing the advocacy of UCH in the Pacific Region, particularly Micronesia.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Sunny O. Ngirmang]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Calvin T. Emesiochel, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1590">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: A Case Study in Developing a Program of Protecting Underwater Cultural Heritage]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[This paper outlines a specific example, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), and its effort to create and maintain a program for identifying, protecting and interpreting underwater cultural heritage (UCH). This paper suggests the process of developing such a program is most successful when it occurs in cooperation with all branches of the government that deal with marine/water resources and the local community who are stakeholders in the protection of their heritage.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Jennifer F. McKinnon, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1589">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The underwater cultural heritage of the Federated States of Micronesia]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Of all the United Nation member states, the Federated States of Micronesiaâ€™s (FSM) total land area is one of the smallest (191st out of 193 UN member states), yet the length of its coastline connecting its 607 islands ranks 21st in the world - after India and Chile. The people from the FSMare world-renown navigators and boat builders and they have developed and maintain many cultural practices, customs and legends associated with the sea. The FSM contains a variety of tangible heritage related to their traditional use of the sea and coast, material remains of foreign traders, pirates, colonial powers, and from World War II. This presentation will provide details about this significant heritage related to the sea and the FSMâ€™s recording and training programs, in context with the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001, and the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Bill Jeffery, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1588">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Underwater Survey at the Ruins of Nan Madol, Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[In this paper we demonstrate the results of underwater survey at Nan Madol, Federated States of Micronesia. Nan Madol are the ruins of a megalithic civilization composed of 95 small to large artificial islets made mostly of basalt, situated on a shallow water of Pohnpei Island. The site is now on the Tentative List of the UNESCO World Heritage Site submitted by Federated States of Micronesia. Protection of the site is comprised of both these basaltic islets and the water surrounding them. In addition, there is an oral tradition that a sunken city named Kahnihmweiso is located underwater near the site. The goal of our investigation is to make a map of underwater topography that is expected to be utilized for the site documentation and the setting of core and buffer<br />
zones. The investigation was carried out by using multi-beam sonar and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), as well as manual survey by scuba diving gears. Research has revealed that there is no clear evidence of artificial constructions under the water; however, a detailed map of underwater topography around the site was obtained. Our research also stresses the significance of the sea area as a resource of legends and a component of the intangible cultural heritage of Nan Madol.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Tomo Ishimura]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Akira Asada]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Fumitaka Maeda]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Kenâ€™ichi Sugimoto]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Toshihiro Ogawa]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Akio Hikoyama]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Yoshinori Matsumoto]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Yusuke Sugimoto]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Charles Brennan]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Tomomi Haramoto]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Augustine Kohler, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1587">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Intangible Underwater: Integrating Intangible Cultural Heritage into the Study of Underwater Cultural Heritage Sites]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Intangible cultural heritage (henceforth ICH) is an integral component to the understanding of many cultural heritage sites worldwide. While the collection of stories, oral histories and other intangible information to interpret terrestrial sites is increasingly practiced, less so is the collection of this information to identify underwater cultural heritage sites, in particular those sites without material remains. The focus for intangible cultural heritage often seems to end at the shore, and not extend into the waters, for many nations. This presentation discusses the application of ICH for underwater cultural heritage, using examples from the Pacific to illustrate the importance of recording all information for underwater areas in order to ensure adequate protection and interpretation of the significant cultural heritage of many coastal, islands, and other submerged sites.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Suzanne S. Finney, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1586">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Influencing the contemporary narrative on whaling heritage]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Whaling heritage is a significant part of the worldâ€™s maritime history, and its landscape footprint is global. In the 19th Century, the Pacific and adjacent Arctic waters were the epicenter of whaling, where both many of the most productive whaling grounds were located as well as the primary ports that serviced this industry. The most compelling stories of whaling heritage occurred in these waters, and the names of the storied whaling ships, and the perils they encountered, are well known. These are stories that not only illuminate significant events in our collective maritime past, but contain lessons learned that can inform and offer knowledge relevant to current, yet similar, problems we face today. The contemporary whaling narrative is dominated by the more recent history of whaling, and the divisive atmosphere created by the controversy surrounding the few countries that continue to have active commercial whaling industries. Efforts need to be directed at changing this contemporary narrative, perceptions of the public that whaling heritage is more than killing these giants of the sea. Increasing awareness of the many influences, positive and negative, that whaling, throughout its history, has had on shaping our geo-political system, societies, cultures, economies, and even expanding our knowledge of the oceans and their resources is essential. Through this expanded awareness and appreciation of how whaling helped shape the world we know, we can acquire some needed support for continued historical research and documentation of this part of our maritime heritage. Changing this narrative may also help in preserving the significant places in our global whaling heritage landscape, and hopefully inform wiser decisions about contemporary issues through learning from the past.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Bradley W. Barr, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1585">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Intangible Heritage Approach of Safeguarding Underwater Heritage: A Trans-disciplinary Perspective]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[This paper presents the advantages of incorporating Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) disciplines in the protection of underwater sites. The integrated safeguarding approaches can enhance professional capacity and can lead to a knowledge pool that involves more peoples and gives greater meanings to underwater heritage. The paper critically investigates contemporary policies that redefine â€œcultural heritageâ€ and raises examples of local and international initiatives that link traditional knowledge to the conservation of heritage sites. Good case studies exist not only in the Pacific and the Mediterranean, but also in the continents. These successful examples imply that intangible aspects of heritage can provide more profound interpretations of value and integrity of tangible heritage, including maritime sites. Despite that, there have been very few works directly addressing intangible heritage among UCH professionals. Main works on underwater heritage protection today are still archaeology-heavy and technology-heavy, as the concern has been to keep pace with looters, environmental change and industrial threats. Managerial professionals have overlooked that understanding the existing communityâ€™s cultures can gain them stronger supports for conservation against exploitation. It is time that underwater heritage professionals explore more seriously cross-disciplinary efforts to upscale safeguarding capacity by involving bigger, grassroots communities of heritage stakeholders.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Montakarn Suvanatap, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1584">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Seabee Junkyard: A holistic and locally inclusive approach to site management and interpretation]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The United States of America (U.S.) Navyâ€™s Construction Battalion called â€˜Seabeesâ€™ were born in January 1942 from the demand for a unique set of both engineering and combat skills: â€œWe Build, We Fightâ€. The Seabees were instrumental in the Pacific theater, and played a significant role in rebuilding Guam. Known as the Seabee Junkyard due to the dumping of Seabee materials and equipment after the war, the site located within Apra Harbor, Guam is a popular dive site amongst local and visiting divers. Research on the significance of the site has revealed that it also represented the rapid demobilization of U.S. Navy after World War II (WW II). In July 2012, the University of Guam conducted a Nautical Archaeology Society maritime archaeology training course funded by the Guam Preservation Trust, which resulted in the material identification and surveying of the site. Further site investigations have taken a holistic and locally inclusive approach to the management and interpretation of the site. This includes non-disturbance wreck diving and underwater cultural heritage education in association with developing site preservation strategies, and compilation of a nomination to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Additional activities in promoting the site and educating the diving public will include underwater dive guides, development of a comprehensive site plan and an underwater cultural heritage trail. Engagement with various government agencies and community groups are being implemented to gauge their various levels of interest and assistance in managing and interpreting the site. Baseline environmental assessment surveys are to be conducted to determine the differences in natural communities with significant man-made substrates and those without. Further outreach proposals are being investigated to see if it can fulfill a role as an Educational and Interpretive Park.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Kalle Applegate Palmer]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Bill Jeffery, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1583">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Fiji Museumâ€™s efforts towards the Preservation of<br />
Underwater Cultural Heritage Sites in Fiji]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Fijiâ€™s 300 isles are enclosed within a total sea area of about 1,260,000km2 of its Exclusive Economic Zone and to date very little work has been carried out on underwater and maritime archaeology. Resource materials documented by the Archaeology Department of the Fiji Museum have identified more than 500 shipwrecks, a great number of which were wrecked less than 50 years ago. The establishment of an Underwater Unit at the Fiji Museum is needed to safeguard the nationâ€™s underwater historic sites and raise awareness towards understanding the untold sunken mysteries that connect Fiji to the world; however there are several issues that need to be addressed in order for this Unit to be established and run effectively. This paper discusses the need for further capacity building and training in Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) studies to successfully document, survey and protect Fijiâ€™s underwater cultural sites. Furthermore, the area of developing policy papers, funding proposals and the documentation of findings will also require special attention to sustain UCH projects. Alike the other developing countries, the paper highlights the daunting challenges that face the Fiji Museum including the lack of human resources, equipment and above all insufficient funding to carry out this much needed work.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Elia Nakoro, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1582">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Assessing Historic Properties and Cultural Resources<br />
in the Main Hawaiian Islands]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Understanding the types and locations of significant archaeological and cultural resources is essential to their protection. NOAA and the Bureau of Ocean Energy and Management (BOEM) have teamed up to support an assessment of historic properties and cultural resources in the main Hawaiian Islands. Objectives for this project include: 1) a database of verified, reported, and potential submerged cultural resources in the Hawai`i Outer Continental Shelf; 2) a database of historic properties that could be adversely impacted by alteration of the ocean viewshed; and 3) a management tool for engaging Native Hawaiian communities in identifying significant marine areas for offshore energy development planning purposes.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Hans Van Tilburg]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Dave Ball, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1581">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Characterizing Tribal Cultural Landscapes for Resource Preservation and Protection: Documenting culturally important areas - for tribes, by tribes]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Understanding locations and types of significant archaeological and cultural resources is essential to their preservation and consideration during ocean and coastal planning processes. The goal of this project is to develop a proactive approach to working with Native American communities to identify such areas of tribal significance. Information from this effort will facilitate decision-making practices that consider the importance of these locales, giving tribal communities a stronger voice during regional planning. This project is a collaborative effort among the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Tribal Facilitators, and the Tribal Historic Preservation Offices of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde in Oregon, Yurok Tribe in California, and Makah Tribe in Washington. This project uses a holistic cultural landscape approach that integrates science with historical, archaeological and traditional knowledge. The resulting tool describes methodologies and best practices for tribes to identify and communicate areas of significance; case studies from the three tribes will demonstrate how to use this tool. This effort will provide transferable, transparent and cost-effective methods for tribes to document places and resources, past and present, significant to their communities and outside agencies, thus enhancing their capability for consultation. The project will produce an approach adaptable by other tribal communities to help them record information on areas of tribal importance, and give them a stronger voice during regional planning processes. This project can help agencies and stakeholders engage with tribes prior to the proposal of activities that may impact tribal resources and areas.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Valerie Grussing]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[David Ball]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Eirik Thorsgard]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Briece Edwards, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1580">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Observations on developing a maritime cultural landscape approach to managing US National Marine Sanctuaries]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Effectively managing marine protected areas requires considerable knowledge of these special places people value and to which they are sometimes strongly attached. Usually, this knowledge is limited to the present state of resources and changes observed in the recent past, which is used to inform the development of management actions to address current and emerging threats to biodiversity and underwater cultural heritage (UCH) resources. However, while acquiring this â€œsnapshotâ€ of the current status of natural and cultural resources is necessary, it is often not sufficient. Understanding the longer-term history of that site, illuminating its â€œmaritime cultural landscapeâ€ (MCL), can provide critical context to interpreting that somewhat static â€œsnapshotâ€. MCLs represent the historical imprint of human interactions with these special places, providing a deeper base of social and historical information to inform and empower stewardship of natural and UCH resources. The National Marine Sanctuary System (NMSS) sites are already managed as landscapes â€“ through ongoing implementation of ecosystem-based management (EBM) â€“ and integrating MCL approaches offers opportunities to expand and enhance our deeper understanding of how these socio-ecological systems were formed, changed over time, and how coastal communities adapted to, and influenced, these changes. Better understanding these historical interactions can offer significant insights, integrated with knowledge attained through EBM, that can inform and guide contemporary management decision making. The NMSS has developed a vision and strategy for implementing an integrated EBM/MCL approach to stewardship, and is in the process of implementing that strategy.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Bradley W. Barr, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1579">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Recent Efforts in Underwater Cultural Heritage Management<br />
on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) is responsible for managing the nationâ€™s energy and mineral resources on the federal Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). These resources include conventional energy (oil and gas), renewable energy (wind and hydrokinetic) and sand and gravel extraction for beach restoration. As with any federal action or undertaking, an assessment of potential impacts to the environment, including cultural resources, is required to make an informed decision. The BOEM Pacific OCS Region is taking a proactive approach to cultural resources management on the OCS by funding research efforts that provide baseline information on known and potential underwater cultural resources, and by identifying best practices for incorporating information from indigenous communities in the planning process.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Dave Ball, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[5/13/2014]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1578">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Video interview with Session 1 chair Etienne Clement.]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the UN. It has 195 Member States. The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage adopted in 2001 is the international communityâ€™s response to the destruction of submerged archaeological sites by treasure hunters and industrial activities. It reflects the growing recognition of the need to ensure the same protection to underwater heritage as that already accorded to land-based heritage. It provides legal protection, enables States Parties to adopt common approaches to preservation and provides effective professional guidelines on underwater cultural heritage. The Convention and its Annex have been officially endorsed by most professional associations of underwater archaeologists.<br />
The 2001 Convention entered into force on 2 January 2009. Today it has been ratified by 44 States. The objectives of the UNESCO session are to:<br />
* Enhance understanding of the 2001 Convention in terms of its background, its benefits, its ethics and its potentials for contributing to sustainable development,<br />
* Identify a strategy for enhancing capacity in the protection and research of underwater cultural heritage,<br />
* Identify a way forward for increasing ratifications of the 2001 Convention by the countries in the region.<br />
<br />
To view the papers presented in this session please use the Asia-Pac Session 1 2014]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Mr Etienne Clement ]]></dcterms:creator>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1577">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Human remains on underwater cultural heritage: Ethics, values and law<br />
]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[All of the factors and complexities of the issues regarding the management of underwater cultural heritage reveal the narrow dependence between its management and the historical, sociological, cultural and traditional particularities of every country. Catastrophes creating shipwrecks frequently also cause deaths, ranging from single fatalities to disasters claiming hundreds of lives. However there is not a specific legislation dealing with the treatment of the human remains on shipwrecks.  Nevertheless, the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage includes in its definition the term human remains, which means that the same guidelines for the protection of the underwater cultural heritage preservation in situ for the public benefit are also applicable to human remains. In this regards, this paper will justify that declaring shipwrecks as funerary monuments or underwater cemeteries in most cases attracts tourism, apart from the own meaning of these sacred places, and also complies with the 2001 UNESCO Convention principles. In addition, the possibility of the treatment of human remains as intangible heritage can lead to a new whole vision for its protection and management. Underwater cultural heritage can be not only monuments to the great journey or heroic combat, but also a tool to shape the collective memory. Underwater cultural heritage can act as a trigger for a set of emotions and memory narrative. ]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Elena Perez-Alvaro, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1576">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Feasibility study on capacity building in Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Pacific<br />
]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The first UNESCO regional workshop on Pacific underwater cultural heritage (UCH) took place in December 2009 in Honiara, Solomon Islands. As possible steps towards building capacity for managing UCH, participants at the workshop identified the following needs: systematic recording and maintenance of a database of submerged and underwater sites; exploring licensing activities directed at underwater sites; and developing a training and education programme for managers. Based on the recommendations made at the Honiara workshop, a Feasibility Study on a Pacific Underwater Cultural Heritage Capacity Building Program was prepared by Flinders University with UNESCO support. The study recommends a possible capacity building programme to be hosted by the University of the South Pacific (USP) in Fiji. ]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Jennifer F. McKinnon, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.) ]]></dcterms:creator>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.themua.org/collections/items/show/1575">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage and the Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS)]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[This paper will begin by introducing the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage adopted by UNESCO in 2001 in terms of background, guiding principles, international cooperation mechanisms, Annex, as well as benefits and implications of ratification by countries. It will provide progress in its implementation at the global level. It will then provide progress in the Pacific Small Islands Developing States (SIDS), addressing their particular challenges and opportunities. The paper will suggest a possible inter-Convention cooperation for the UCH protection and management in the Pacific by analyzing the recent progress in the World Heritage Convention and the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention in Pacific SIDS. The paper will conclude by summarizing the significance of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (henceforth UCH) protection and the UCH Convention not only in terms of its contribution to the advancement of knowledge of the history of humanity but also from the perspectives of the environmental protection, sustainable development and ocean governance.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Akatsuki Takahashi, in Van Tilburg, H., Tripati, S., Walker Vadillo, V., Fahy, B., and Kimura, J. (eds.)]]></dcterms:creator>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
