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                  <text>2017 Session 1: Underwater and Maritime Archaeology and Capacity  Building in the Pacific Islands</text>
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                  <text>The Pacific Ocean contains a wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) spanning human history from the Stone Age to the atomic age.  Since the first Pacific UCH Workshop held in Solomon Islands in 2009, the Pacific island nations have been progressing in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme by awareness raising, research and capacity building activities through inter-disciplinary cooperation and promoting synergy with the Pacific World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Programmes. Notable progresses include, among others, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Outcome Document of the 3rd UN International Cooperation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (Samoa, 2014) that contains references to the importance of UCH for sustainable development of SIDS and SIDS ratification of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), as well as the enhanced cooperation between universities in the Pacific islands and professional training institutions through UNESCO University Twinning and Networking Programme (UNITWIN) for Underwater Archaeology. &#13;
&#13;
With this as its background, the session â€œUnderwater and maritime archaeology and capacity building in the Pacific Islandsâ€ will be held with the aims to: i) share information on recent progress in awareness raising, research and capacity building activities in underwater and maritime archaeology in the Pacific Islands, ii) identify priority actions, iii) foster partnership for regional and international cooperation.  The session especially welcomes presentations focusing on the protection and management of UCH belonging to indigenous community shared UCH in the Pacific, addressing challenges and opportunities facing Pacific SIDS in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme and the promotion of the UCH Convention, presenting good practice in ensuring the effective engagement of Pacific island countries and community in UCH management for their sustainable development, and proposing collaborative projects in this area.&#13;
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UNESCO Office for the Pacific States, Samoa</text>
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                <text>Andrew Viduka introduces Session 1.</text>
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                <text>The Museum of Underwater Archaeology</text>
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                  <text>The Pacific Ocean contains a wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) spanning human history from the Stone Age to the atomic age.  Since the first Pacific UCH Workshop held in Solomon Islands in 2009, the Pacific island nations have been progressing in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme by awareness raising, research and capacity building activities through inter-disciplinary cooperation and promoting synergy with the Pacific World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Programmes. Notable progresses include, among others, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Outcome Document of the 3rd UN International Cooperation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (Samoa, 2014) that contains references to the importance of UCH for sustainable development of SIDS and SIDS ratification of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), as well as the enhanced cooperation between universities in the Pacific islands and professional training institutions through UNESCO University Twinning and Networking Programme (UNITWIN) for Underwater Archaeology. &#13;
&#13;
With this as its background, the session â€œUnderwater and maritime archaeology and capacity building in the Pacific Islandsâ€ will be held with the aims to: i) share information on recent progress in awareness raising, research and capacity building activities in underwater and maritime archaeology in the Pacific Islands, ii) identify priority actions, iii) foster partnership for regional and international cooperation.  The session especially welcomes presentations focusing on the protection and management of UCH belonging to indigenous community shared UCH in the Pacific, addressing challenges and opportunities facing Pacific SIDS in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme and the promotion of the UCH Convention, presenting good practice in ensuring the effective engagement of Pacific island countries and community in UCH management for their sustainable development, and proposing collaborative projects in this area.&#13;
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                  <text>Akatsuki Takahashi&#13;
UNESCO Office for the Pacific States, Samoa</text>
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                <text>Trade in Ceramics on Guam in the Wake of the Manila Galleon </text>
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                <text>Various colonial factors led to the Mariana Islands being one of the most economically isolated areas of the Pacific from the late 17th century until the late 18th century.  This isolation is reflected in the dearth of artifacts of European and Asian origin in the archaeological record.  Starting in the late 18th century rules on public trade were relaxed and outside goods became more readily available in the Marianas, if still uncommon. This paper considers the ceramic collection from the Rosario House located in Hagatna, Guam. The Rosario House has the largest data set of imported Euro-American and Asian historical artifacts that has been discovered in the Mariana Islands to date.   The collection is dominated by Provincial Chinese porcelains and stonewares but also includes a sample of refined European earthenwares. </text>
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                <text>Lon E. Bulgrin </text>
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                <text>The Museum of Underwater Archaeology</text>
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                <text>Lon E. Bulgrin </text>
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                  <text>The Pacific Ocean contains a wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) spanning human history from the Stone Age to the atomic age.  Since the first Pacific UCH Workshop held in Solomon Islands in 2009, the Pacific island nations have been progressing in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme by awareness raising, research and capacity building activities through inter-disciplinary cooperation and promoting synergy with the Pacific World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Programmes. Notable progresses include, among others, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Outcome Document of the 3rd UN International Cooperation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (Samoa, 2014) that contains references to the importance of UCH for sustainable development of SIDS and SIDS ratification of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), as well as the enhanced cooperation between universities in the Pacific islands and professional training institutions through UNESCO University Twinning and Networking Programme (UNITWIN) for Underwater Archaeology. &#13;
&#13;
With this as its background, the session â€œUnderwater and maritime archaeology and capacity building in the Pacific Islandsâ€ will be held with the aims to: i) share information on recent progress in awareness raising, research and capacity building activities in underwater and maritime archaeology in the Pacific Islands, ii) identify priority actions, iii) foster partnership for regional and international cooperation.  The session especially welcomes presentations focusing on the protection and management of UCH belonging to indigenous community shared UCH in the Pacific, addressing challenges and opportunities facing Pacific SIDS in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme and the promotion of the UCH Convention, presenting good practice in ensuring the effective engagement of Pacific island countries and community in UCH management for their sustainable development, and proposing collaborative projects in this area.&#13;
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                  <text>Akatsuki Takahashi&#13;
UNESCO Office for the Pacific States, Samoa</text>
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                <text>Building Capacity in the South West Pacific â€“ The Norfolk Island Maritime Archaeological Association</text>
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                <text>The Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy administers the Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 and the National Historic Shipwrecks Program. This Program enables the Department to work with the States, the Northern Territory and Norfolk Island to protect historic shipwrecks. With the wealth of maritime history on Norfolk Island and the strong associations with Pitcairn Island, the potential for involving the broader community in documenting and protecting Norfolk Island's wonderful maritime heritage is significant. In 2010, at the request of the Norfolk Island Delegate, the first in a series of community focussed capacity building activities in maritime archaeology was conducted on the island. These activities resulted in the creation of the Norfolk Island Maritime Archaeological Association (NIMAA), Australia's newest maritime archaeology association.   This paper briefly outlines the history of maritime archaeological associations in Australia and their engagement with management agencies.  As a case study for other small island communities, the paper highlights some of the activities of NIMAA since its creation, issues faced for participants and the management agency and the potential for NIMAA into the future.</text>
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                <text>Andrew Viduka </text>
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                <text>Andrew Viduka </text>
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                  <text>The Pacific Ocean contains a wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) spanning human history from the Stone Age to the atomic age.  Since the first Pacific UCH Workshop held in Solomon Islands in 2009, the Pacific island nations have been progressing in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme by awareness raising, research and capacity building activities through inter-disciplinary cooperation and promoting synergy with the Pacific World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Programmes. Notable progresses include, among others, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Outcome Document of the 3rd UN International Cooperation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (Samoa, 2014) that contains references to the importance of UCH for sustainable development of SIDS and SIDS ratification of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), as well as the enhanced cooperation between universities in the Pacific islands and professional training institutions through UNESCO University Twinning and Networking Programme (UNITWIN) for Underwater Archaeology. &#13;
&#13;
With this as its background, the session â€œUnderwater and maritime archaeology and capacity building in the Pacific Islandsâ€ will be held with the aims to: i) share information on recent progress in awareness raising, research and capacity building activities in underwater and maritime archaeology in the Pacific Islands, ii) identify priority actions, iii) foster partnership for regional and international cooperation.  The session especially welcomes presentations focusing on the protection and management of UCH belonging to indigenous community shared UCH in the Pacific, addressing challenges and opportunities facing Pacific SIDS in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme and the promotion of the UCH Convention, presenting good practice in ensuring the effective engagement of Pacific island countries and community in UCH management for their sustainable development, and proposing collaborative projects in this area.&#13;
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UNESCO Office for the Pacific States, Samoa</text>
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                <text>Exploring the Sunken Military Heritage of Midway Atoll </text>
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                <text>Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the Japanese Imperial Navy readied their forces to secure the Pacific Theatre through one final blow to the US aircraft carrier fleet. The target of that attack was the US base at Midway Atoll, which provided support as a naval air station and submarine refit center. In June 1942, the Japanese Navy launched an aerial attack on Midway in an effort to destroy its defenses and lure the remaining aircraft carriers into combat. Although outgunned and outnumbered, US aviators surprised the Japanese fleet and succeeded in destroying four of their carriers, thereby crippling Japanese aerial defenses for the remainder of the war. Today, Midway Atoll is situated within the boundaries of PapahÄnaumokuÄkea Marine National Monument and many of its World War II naval facilities are preserved as a memorial to those who lost their lives. Recent interest in the battle has led to a renewed effort to locate and document the submerged cultural heritage of the atoll and to create outreach materials addressing both the tangible and intangible heritage of the battle. This paper provides an overview of the history of the atoll and the Battle of Midway, describes significant archaeological sites so far located there, and discusses recent survey projects focused on identifying the remains of aircraft associated with the battle.</text>
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                <text>Kelly A. Keogh </text>
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                <text>Madeline J. Roth </text>
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                  <text>The Pacific Ocean contains a wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) spanning human history from the Stone Age to the atomic age.  Since the first Pacific UCH Workshop held in Solomon Islands in 2009, the Pacific island nations have been progressing in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme by awareness raising, research and capacity building activities through inter-disciplinary cooperation and promoting synergy with the Pacific World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Programmes. Notable progresses include, among others, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Outcome Document of the 3rd UN International Cooperation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (Samoa, 2014) that contains references to the importance of UCH for sustainable development of SIDS and SIDS ratification of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), as well as the enhanced cooperation between universities in the Pacific islands and professional training institutions through UNESCO University Twinning and Networking Programme (UNITWIN) for Underwater Archaeology. &#13;
&#13;
With this as its background, the session â€œUnderwater and maritime archaeology and capacity building in the Pacific Islandsâ€ will be held with the aims to: i) share information on recent progress in awareness raising, research and capacity building activities in underwater and maritime archaeology in the Pacific Islands, ii) identify priority actions, iii) foster partnership for regional and international cooperation.  The session especially welcomes presentations focusing on the protection and management of UCH belonging to indigenous community shared UCH in the Pacific, addressing challenges and opportunities facing Pacific SIDS in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme and the promotion of the UCH Convention, presenting good practice in ensuring the effective engagement of Pacific island countries and community in UCH management for their sustainable development, and proposing collaborative projects in this area.&#13;
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                <text>The Sacred and Cultural Maritime Sites of Fiji-An Inventory in the Making</text>
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                <text>The Fiji Museum Archaeology Department, since 2015, has begun inventorying the different underwater and maritime sites in Fiji. Ratification of the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage and review of the legislation on the Preservation of Objects of Archaeological and Palaeontological Interest Act (Chapter 264) has had little fruition due to limitations in manpower and resources. The Fiji Museum has however taken first steps towards realizing the amendment of the legislation by developing and drafting an overarching policy for the institution. The Fiji Museum continues to deliberate on the draft policy encompassing all aspects of its services, which includes underwater and maritime cultural heritage sites, to ensure that Fijiâ€™s cultural heritage is protected. This paper will elaborate on the different types of underwater/maritime cultural heritage sites in Fiji and the inventory process of documenting and creating a database, including challenges and opportunities. It will highlight the importance of the database in assisting the Fiji Museum in its work to raise awareness and provide advice to Government and relevant authorities in the respect, preservation and protection of these submerged historical treasures. The paper will also highlight the various agencies with common goals to protect underwater cultural sites and discuss the importance of interagency collaboration. </text>
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                <text>Elia Nakoro </text>
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                <text>The Museum of Underwater Archaeology</text>
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                <text>Elia Nakoro </text>
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                  <text>The Pacific Ocean contains a wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) spanning human history from the Stone Age to the atomic age.  Since the first Pacific UCH Workshop held in Solomon Islands in 2009, the Pacific island nations have been progressing in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme by awareness raising, research and capacity building activities through inter-disciplinary cooperation and promoting synergy with the Pacific World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Programmes. Notable progresses include, among others, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Outcome Document of the 3rd UN International Cooperation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (Samoa, 2014) that contains references to the importance of UCH for sustainable development of SIDS and SIDS ratification of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), as well as the enhanced cooperation between universities in the Pacific islands and professional training institutions through UNESCO University Twinning and Networking Programme (UNITWIN) for Underwater Archaeology. &#13;
&#13;
With this as its background, the session â€œUnderwater and maritime archaeology and capacity building in the Pacific Islandsâ€ will be held with the aims to: i) share information on recent progress in awareness raising, research and capacity building activities in underwater and maritime archaeology in the Pacific Islands, ii) identify priority actions, iii) foster partnership for regional and international cooperation.  The session especially welcomes presentations focusing on the protection and management of UCH belonging to indigenous community shared UCH in the Pacific, addressing challenges and opportunities facing Pacific SIDS in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme and the promotion of the UCH Convention, presenting good practice in ensuring the effective engagement of Pacific island countries and community in UCH management for their sustainable development, and proposing collaborative projects in this area.&#13;
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UNESCO Office for the Pacific States, Samoa</text>
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                <text>Lataâ€™s Wayfinding System and Climate Science </text>
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                <text>The cultural vision and history of Taumako extends far beyond their Duff Islands, the SE Solomons region, or the western Pacific. According to the people of Taumako, their ancestor Lata, was the first person to build and sail a voyaging canoe. Taumakans today are unique among Polynesian and Austronesian people in that they still build and navigate voyaging canoes using only the ancient designs, materials, and methods of Lata.   Lata/Laka/Laâ€™a/Rata/Raka, etc, is a Culture Hero across Polynesia, and at least some islands where the ancient Austronesian migrants settled thousands of years ago.  Lataâ€™s successes and mistakes help Taumakans, and us, learn who we are, and what to do and not do as we face global climate change and cultural wars. Taumako is full of sites where episodes of the Story of Lata happenedâ€¦the islet where Lata was born, the rock Lataâ€™s father killed the father eel, the place where Lata stood with Hina to see if the tree he cut down was actually on Hinaâ€™s land, the stones where Lata moored his voyaging canoe, where he sailed out and Hina blocked the entrance so he could not come back, where Lata picked his crew from out of the ocean, etc. Taumako was a crossroads of early Papuan settlers and Lapita pottery-making, migrants, and canoe technology that combines both Polynesian and Micronesian design features. The Story of Lata is lived today in the practice of the ancient Pacific voyaging arts.  How can all this help them break out from colonialist borders and policies, make a living at the bottom level of the global economy, and/or survive climate change?  What can we learn from Lata?</text>
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                <text>The Museum of Underwater Archaeology</text>
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                <text>M. George</text>
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                  <text>The Pacific Ocean contains a wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) spanning human history from the Stone Age to the atomic age.  Since the first Pacific UCH Workshop held in Solomon Islands in 2009, the Pacific island nations have been progressing in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme by awareness raising, research and capacity building activities through inter-disciplinary cooperation and promoting synergy with the Pacific World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Programmes. Notable progresses include, among others, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Outcome Document of the 3rd UN International Cooperation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (Samoa, 2014) that contains references to the importance of UCH for sustainable development of SIDS and SIDS ratification of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), as well as the enhanced cooperation between universities in the Pacific islands and professional training institutions through UNESCO University Twinning and Networking Programme (UNITWIN) for Underwater Archaeology. &#13;
&#13;
With this as its background, the session â€œUnderwater and maritime archaeology and capacity building in the Pacific Islandsâ€ will be held with the aims to: i) share information on recent progress in awareness raising, research and capacity building activities in underwater and maritime archaeology in the Pacific Islands, ii) identify priority actions, iii) foster partnership for regional and international cooperation.  The session especially welcomes presentations focusing on the protection and management of UCH belonging to indigenous community shared UCH in the Pacific, addressing challenges and opportunities facing Pacific SIDS in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme and the promotion of the UCH Convention, presenting good practice in ensuring the effective engagement of Pacific island countries and community in UCH management for their sustainable development, and proposing collaborative projects in this area.&#13;
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UNESCO Office for the Pacific States, Samoa</text>
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                <text>From safe haven to island abandonment - impacts of the growth of Pacific shipping on the Pitcairn Island community during the 19th century </text>
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                <text>The story of the Bounty mutiny is one of the great sagas of Pacific history and has inspired a rich literature for more than two centuries. By contrast, our knowledge of the community founded by Fletcher Christian at Pitcairn Island has remained enigmatic and obscured by evangelical and Eurocentric interpretations of the survival and development of the settlement. Founded by a small, culturally-divided group of settlers on one of the most remote islands in the Pacific and completely cut off from the world for the first 18 years of its existence - the establishment of the settlement may be seen as a remarkable success. Fifty years after the arrival of the Bounty settler-group, the island had become a regular port-of-call in the expanding network of Pacific shipping and the Pitcairn community, now approaching 200 people, had established important relationships with the Royal Navy, the American whaling fleet and Pacific communities in Tahiti, Valparaiso and Sydney.   Just a few years later however, the resources of the island could no longer cope with the increasing demands and the entire population of Pitcairn was removed to Norfolk Island. Based on historical research and archaeological fieldwork conducted on Pitcairn, this paper examines the process of colonisation at Pitcairn to reveal the changing nature of an island environment in a period of rapid change in the Pacific. </text>
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                <text>Nigel Erskine </text>
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                <text>The Museum of Underwater Archaeology</text>
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                <text>11/24/2017</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22977">
                <text>Nigel Erskine </text>
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                  <text>The Pacific Ocean contains a wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) spanning human history from the Stone Age to the atomic age.  Since the first Pacific UCH Workshop held in Solomon Islands in 2009, the Pacific island nations have been progressing in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme by awareness raising, research and capacity building activities through inter-disciplinary cooperation and promoting synergy with the Pacific World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Programmes. Notable progresses include, among others, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Outcome Document of the 3rd UN International Cooperation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (Samoa, 2014) that contains references to the importance of UCH for sustainable development of SIDS and SIDS ratification of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001), as well as the enhanced cooperation between universities in the Pacific islands and professional training institutions through UNESCO University Twinning and Networking Programme (UNITWIN) for Underwater Archaeology. &#13;
&#13;
With this as its background, the session â€œUnderwater and maritime archaeology and capacity building in the Pacific Islandsâ€ will be held with the aims to: i) share information on recent progress in awareness raising, research and capacity building activities in underwater and maritime archaeology in the Pacific Islands, ii) identify priority actions, iii) foster partnership for regional and international cooperation.  The session especially welcomes presentations focusing on the protection and management of UCH belonging to indigenous community shared UCH in the Pacific, addressing challenges and opportunities facing Pacific SIDS in the implementation of the Pacific UCH Programme and the promotion of the UCH Convention, presenting good practice in ensuring the effective engagement of Pacific island countries and community in UCH management for their sustainable development, and proposing collaborative projects in this area.&#13;
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                  <text>Akatsuki Takahashi&#13;
UNESCO Office for the Pacific States, Samoa</text>
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                <text>Reinterpretation of Stone Fish Weirs mentioned to Freycinet in 1819 on Guam</text>
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                <text>In 1819 the French Corvette Lâ€™ Uranie anchored off Apra Harbor on Guam where its captain Louis Claude de Freycinet was told of the former presence of stone fish weirs, no longer in use. Archaeological surveys of Apra Harbor tidal flats identified several low-walled coral enclosures at the mouth of two freshwater estuaries. Controlled excavation of small sites adjacent to one of these complexes yielded late Latte Period pottery and wood charcoal radiocarbon dated with a Bayesian calibration to A.D. 1645-1725. Besides Chamorro fishermen using the weirs to feed local populations, it is plausible they were expanded to feed visiting sailors during the seasonal arrival of the Manila Galleons. More challenging to former notions of Colonial domination is archaeological evidence documenting the continuity of communal aquaculture practices well after sustained Contact. The apparent resistance of Chamorro fishermen to La Reduccion circa 1700 is provocative, especially after the introduction of Eurocentric food ways and enforced settlement patterns.</text>
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                <text>Boyd Dixon</text>
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                <text>The Museum of Underwater Archaeology</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>11/24/2017</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22971">
                <text>Boyd Dixon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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      <tag tagId="323">
        <name>Asia-Pac Session 1 2017</name>
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